Most Sunni organizations defending Khatam un-Nabiyyin belong to the Deobandi sect. Ironically, the founder, Qasim Nanotwi, held a position on the Seal of Prophethood similar to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (AS), the Ahmadi or Qadiani view. Furthermore, Deobandis elevate their own scholars to prophethood, which proves they reject the Finality of Prophethood.

Muhammad Qasim Nanotwi and His Position on Khatam an-Nabiyeen

Qasim Nanotwi did not believe Seal of Prophethood refers to the Finality of Prophethood, he held that the Seal of Prophethood means Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ reached the highest level of perfection in all the qualities and ranks of prophethood. He explained that greatness is not about coming first or last, but about reaching the most complete and perfect status. For this reason, even if another prophet were to appear after him ﷺ or at the same time elsewhere, it would not affect the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ unique and superior position, because all others would still remain below him ﷺ.

Statement 1

The public imagine that Rasulullah (SAW) being Khaatam literally means that his time is after the time of all the previous prophets, and he is the Last Prophet of all. However, the people of understanding will be enlightened as to the fact that there is no excellence or virtue, in essence, of being either the ‘first’ or ‘last’. Then in what form is it correct to attribute a praiseworthy station of excellence in the verse “but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets” (33:40)?

[Tahzir An-Nas, pg. 14]

Statement 2

Rather, if, hypothetically, after the time of the Prophet (SAW) another Prophet is born, even then it will make no difference to the Khaatamiyyat-e-Muhammadi (Seal of Prophethood of Muhammad) – similarly if another Prophet is his contemporary in another Earth, or even on this Earth another Prophet is made.

[Tahzir An-Nas, pg. 63]

Statement 3

Therefore, the person who possesses this attribute, which is Khaatam as-Siffaat (Seal of Attributes), to a greater degree of manifestation, that is, there is no attribute above it or which has the possibility of being manifested and granted into the creation – Such a person, among the creation, is the Khaatam al-Maraatib (Seal of Stations), and that person is the master of all and the most superior of all.

[Intisar-ul-Islam, pg. 48]

Statement 4

There is no status above that of the Khaatam (Seal) of the stations of Prophethood. Whoever becomes (a Prophet) is subordinate to it.

[Mubahasa Shahjahanpur, pg. 25]

Deobandi Scholars on the Seal of Prophethood

Maulana Qari Muhammad Tayaib Qasmi

Maulana Qari Muhammad Tayaib who is called ‘Hakeem al-Islam’ by the Deobandis which means ‘The Wise scholar of Islam’ is the grandson of Qasim Nanotwi and he explains Seal of Prophethood in the same way.

Statement 1

The meaning of Khatme Nabuwat is not the termination of prophethood but rather consummation of prophethood i.e such a complete prophethood has been sent that there requires no need for anymore prophethood after that. This is like when you see numerous stars at night, you can also see the moon but its still night. The day has not come even with all their light. Everyone is shining and spreading light but it is still dark. But even a slightest ray of Sun hides the stars away. Now if the Sun says “I am Khatimun Noor. I seal the noor. I end all the noor”. It means that I have brought the most complete noor thus there is no need for the stars. Their noor will be incorporated within me.

So when Muhammad (S.A.W) claimed that “I am Khatimun Nabiyyin” so the Khatme Nabuwat does not mean “Ending of the prophethood” but the “Perfection of Prophethood”. That the Sun of the prophets brought a light so bright that the light of any star was not needed anymore. It will become dim. Light of all the stars will be incorporated with it. When the sun rises, it is not that the light of all the stars end. But rather it gets incorporated within the light of that sun. When Islam came, all the excellencies of the past religions got integrated within it. Islam is the compilation of all religions. This is why Quran describes its glory by saying that I have not come to deny all previous religions but to protect them. Whichever truth was in there, I took while discarded the teachings that nations have changed. So, all the virtues got compiled in Islam. So prophethood is the compilation of all the prophethoods while Islam is the compilation of all the laws (shariah) of the past.

[Youtube Video: Deobandis REJECT Finality of Prophethood!?!; Time Stamp: 0:00-1:59]

There are two key points being made from this passage. The first is that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was the last of the Prophets, but only in this sense that all the qualities and attributes of prophethood found their most perfect and complete cultivation and expression in him ﷺ. That is to say that no prophet after him ﷺ could ever add anything new or higher to the status of prophethood, because its perfection was already fully manifested in him ﷺ. So, being the “last” is less about being last in time, but about completion and perfection.

The second point being made is that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was the last of the Law bearing Prophets. This point is in harmony with the first point that is being that since the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ brought together the best qualities and teachings of all previous prophets and Islam and his ﷺ religion, integrates the truth from earlier religions while correcting the parts that were changed or corrupted by people. It means that Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ prophethood is the compilation of all earlier prophethoods while Islam is the compilation of all previous laws (shariah). Therefore, no Prophet can come after the Holy Prophet ﷺ who should abrogate his religion and not be in his Ummah.

His other statements will be presented on this matter which further reflect these same ideas:

Statement 2

And this is the status of the description of Khaatam, this attribute comes from it and returns to it. He is the Faateh (meaning first) and the Khaatam, the first one (having this attribute) and the last one. This is why we will not say that the sun is only luminous, rather it is Nur Bakshi (meaning it provides light)…we will not only say it is possessor of light but Khatam ul Anwar, as the light of all stars come from it, and in this movement of light, it goes back to it. So being Khatam ul Anwar will be the most distinguished of its qualities, and this can properly describe its particularity

[Aftab-i-Nabuwwat, pg. 80]

Statement 3

In the same way, the status of the sun of Prophethood (the Noble Messenger of Allah SAW) is not only being a Prophet, this quality is common among all Prophet. So his real particular quality is that in matters of prophetic light, he is the Murabbi of all Prophets, and the Masdar of Faydh (centre of emanation) for them, and the origin of their excellent lights. This is why he is a Prophet in real, and the other Prophets (peace be upon them) are not (Prophets) in real but became Prophets from his Faydh (emanation).

[Aftab-i-Nabuwwat, pg. 81]

Statement 4

The status of Huzur is not only being a Prophet, but also Nubuwat Bakhshi (meaning he provides Prophethood), every person who is ready for Prophethood and comes in front of him will become a Prophet. In the same manner, the light of Prophethood started from him and will return to him, and this is the description of Khatam…” For this reason, we do not simply call him (Prophet Muhammad SAW) as a Prophet but he is called Khaatam an-Nabiyyeen that all of the lights of Prophethood find their ultimate manifestation in him, making him the pinnacle of Prophethood.

[Aftab-i-Nabuwwat, pg. 82]

Shaykh Muhammad Abu Bakr Ghazipuri al-Ansari

Shaykh Muhammad Abu Bakr Ghazipuri al-Ansari defends Qasim Nanotvi statements and essentially affirms that seal of prophethood does not mean being the last in time, because being last in history has no special value on its own rather, it means he ﷺ is the one in whom prophethood reached perfection and through whom all other prophets are validated. Therefore, this perfection would not be negated if another prophet were to come after him ﷺ; rather, that prophet too would only be a prophet by bearing his stamp of approval and deriving authenticity through him.

He strove to incite people against the Imam in regards his statement that the Prophethood of Muhammad is original and the Prophethood of the other Ambiyaa stems from the effulgence of his Nubuwah. That also means that he is the Seal of the Ambiyaa, from the first of them to the last, in aspects of personality, time and place. Even if in theory there should have been a prophet after him, that would have no effect on his Finality, because his Nubüwah is vested in himself originally whilst the others stem from his effulgence. There is no doubt that that statement is correct. It is the belief of the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama’ah. It is from Rasulullaah that the chain of Nubüwah originated. He was the Nabi from primordial times and was already then the Seal of Ambiyaa by the decree of Allaah, before even the presence of the creation, before there was time and place, before any Nabi came to the world. Sadly, the author of the booklet did not understand this subtle meaning due to his ignorance and enmity against the Deobandis. He thus spewed against ash-Shaykh an-Nänotwi what he spewed and his tongue spoke like a devil. The statement of ash-Shaykh an-Nänotwi is in fact in the same style as that Ibn Taymiyah. He presented his argument based on the Quraan and Hadith, in a style and division modern intelligence can understand. If the author of the booklet has any intelligence then he should listen very carefully to what Hujjatul Islaam wrote.

[Was Ibn Taymiah From the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama’ah?, pg. 44]

Deobandi Prophets

Deobandi apologists such as Shaykh Usman Iqbal argue that that merely attributing exclusive prophetic qualities to an individual constitutes a violation of Khatam al-Nubuwwah:

The same thing is said by the famous Deobandi scholar Khalid Mahmud:

The belief in the finality of prophethood is not a play of words, where one merely accepts the word ‘prophet’ while continuing the reality and significance of prophethood in the name of Imamate.

Hujjat al-Hind, Hazrat Imam Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehlvi, in Sharh Muwatta, writes:
“Allah’s Messenger (SAW) is the Seal of Prophethood, but the meaning of this statement is that it is not permissible for anyone to be a prophet after him. As for the meaning of prophethood—being someone sent by Allah to creation, whose obedience is obligatory, protected from sins, and free from error in what is required—this exists in the Imams after him. That person, however, would be a heretic. The majority of later scholars among the Hanafis and Shafi‘is agreed to punish anyone who follows this path.”

The conclusion of Hazrat Shah Sahib’s ruling is that anyone who holds the belief that after the Holy Prophet (SAW) there could arise in this Ummah individuals who are divinely inspired and infallible is by no means a true believer in the doctrine of the finality of prophethood, even if verbally they call the Prophet (SAW) Khatam an-Nabiyyin a thousand times.

[Abaqat, vol 1, pg. 239]

However, this is ironic, because they follow scholars who elevated themselves to such extreme levels that, by their own logic, they themselves end up defying the Finality of Prophethood.

Rashid Ahmad Gangohi: I Am Infallible

Rashid Ahmad Gangohi claimed that he was free from error:

Khan Sahib said that Hazrat Gangohi (may Allah have mercy on him) once said to Maulvi Muhammad Baiti Sahib Kandhlawi: “Look up such-and-such issue in Shami.”

The Maulvi replied, “Hazrat, that issue is not found in Shami.”

Hazrat said, “How can that be? Bring Shami.”

Shami was brought. At that time, Hazrat had already lost his eyesight. He placed two-thirds of the pages to the right and one-third to the left, and by estimation opened the book in one motion. He then said, “Look on the lower part of the page on the left.” When they looked, the issue was found exactly in that spot. Everyone was astonished.

Hazrat then said, “Allah Almighty has promised me that He will not allow anything incorrect to come out of my tongue.”

[Arwah-e-Salasa, pg. 230]

Rashid Ahmad Gangohi’s Promise of Salvation to His Followers

In this passage, it is recorded that Rashid Ahmad Gangohi reassured his followers, telling them that it had been promised to him that they would be saved and would not enter Hellfire.

A person in Gangoh used to cry a lot in the assemblies of Hazrat Gangohi (may Allah sanctify his secret), and even by nature, he was very emotional. On one occasion, Hazrat Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi asked him:

“Why do you cry so much? Why are you distressed?”

He replied:

“Hazrat! I fear Hell—how will the fire be bearable?”

Hazrat said:

“No, no! There is nothing to worry about. It has been promised to me that your people will not be sent to Hell.”

[Maslak Ulama-e-Deoband aur Hubb-e-Rasul, pg. 37]

He entered the highest echelon as a principal member, whose words, actions, and the state of his heart and limbs have been protected by Allah in every era. In matters of speech and bodily action, divine support and guidance were granted so that creation could be safeguarded from error and misguidance.

He repeatedly stated in his capacity as a preacher, through a skilled translator:

“Whatever comes from the tongue of Rashid Ahmad is indeed true. I swear, I am nothing, yet in this era, guidance and salvation depend upon following me.”

In matters where people, bound by reasoning and evidence, fell into disputes and could not fully distinguish between truth and falsehood, wandering in the deserts of doubt and confusion, Hazrat Imam Rabbani (may Allah sanctify his secret), through the light of his heart, kindled by the lamp of prophethood, clearly spoke the truth, clarified the correct path, and rendered decisions without requiring external corroboration.

[Tazkira-tur-Rasheed, vol 2, pg. 17]

The Second Founder of Islam: Rashid Ahmad Gangohi

After Gangohi died, his student , Mawlana Mahmud Hasan, who is also called Shaykh al-Hind by the Deobandis wrote a poem in praise of Gangohi. He writes:

A second founder of Islam has emerged in the world

[Marsiya Gangohi, pg. 5]

The Disciple of Gangohi: His Pen Moves Beyond the Arsh

Aashiq Ilahi Mirathi wrote this about Gangohi:

At the time when your opponents raised an uproar over the issue of imkān-e-kidhb and published a verdict of excommunication, in the gathering of Sāʾīn Tawakkul Shāh Sahib of Anbalā, a certain cleric mentioned Imām Rabbānī (may his sanctity be exalted) and said that he held the view of the possibility of falsehood being attributed to God.

Upon hearing this, Sāʾīn Tawakkul Shāh Sahib lowered his head, and after remaining in silent meditation for a short while, he raised his head and, in his Punjabi language, uttered these words:

‘People, what are you saying? I am seeing the pen of Mawlānā Rashīd Aḥmad Sahib moving beyond the ʿArsh (the Throne).

[Tazkira-tur-Rasheed, vol 2, pg. 322]

Again, Deobandis must ask themselves: when an individual claims that Allah has promised him infallibility, that his followers will be spared from Hell and his followers shamelessly describe that same individual as the second founder of Islam and say his pen moves beyond the Arsh, does such a personality resemble a mere scholar, or does he bear the attributes of a prophet?

For the confused Deobandis, they should refer to the statement of Khalid Mahmud again.

Gangohi Invoked ‘Mercy of the Worlds’ Upon a Saint

In the Quran “Mercy to all mankind” (Rahmatullil ‘Alamin) is a title uniquely attributed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ however, Gangohi permits the titles for scholars or saints:

The title Rahmatullil ‘Alamin is not exclusively a characteristic of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Other saints, prophets, and pious scholars (ulama rabbaniyyin) can also be a source of mercy for the world. Although the Prophet ﷺ is the highest among them, it is permissible to attribute this phrase to others in a figurative sense.

[Fatawa-e-Rashidiya, pg. 242]

According to the Deobandis, Imdadullah Muhajir Makki is also Mercy to all Worlds (Rahmatan Lil Aalamin):

When Hazrat Gangohi (may Allah have mercy on him) received the news of Hazrat Haji Sahib’s passing, he remained profoundly distressed for several days. The shock and sorrow were so great that it was evident even outwardly that he had such deep love for him. Hazrat Gangohi (may Allah have mercy on him) repeatedly invoked rahmatullil ‘alamin (mercy of the worlds) upon him.

[Malfoozat-e-Hakeem-ul-Ummat, vol 1, pg. 138]

Rank of Prophethood Present in Gangohi

Deobandi scholar Manazir Ahsan Gilani writes:

In Maulana Muhammad Qasim Sahib, the aspect of the rank of sainthood (wilayat) was dominant, while in Maulana Gangohi, the aspect of the rank of prophethood was (dominant).

[Sawanih Qasimi, vol 1, pg. 477]

The Prophetic Revelation of Qasim Nanotwi

Qasim Nanotwi felt as though the weight of a hundred tons of stones was weighing down upon his heart as a consequence of offering Tasbih. His pir, Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki reassured him by saying:

These are the emanations [faidan] of Prophesy on your heart. And this is that heaviness which the Prophet ﷺ used to feel at the time of Revelation. God shall take from you that service/tasks which is taken from Prophets

[Sawanih Qasimi; vol 1, pg. 259]

Ashraf Ali Thanwi: The Road to Salvation

Muhammad Aashiq Ilahi Meerthi elevates Ashraf Ali Thanwi to such a high status that he claims washing Thanwi’s feet and drinking the same water is a means of attaining salvation in the Hereafter. Deobandis again should ask themselves who are the real deniers of Khatam al-Nubuwwah?

His (Ashraf Ali Thanwi) excellence reached such a level that, by Allah the Most Great, washing the feet of Maulana Thanawi and drinking that water became a means of salvation in the Hereafter.

[Tazkira-tur-Rasheed, vol 1, pg. 113]

Ashraf Ali Thanwi’s Approval of a Kalima Recited in His Name

A disciple reportedly recited “La ilaha illa Allah, Ashraf Ali Rasul Allah” and a Durud invoking blessings on Ashraf Ali Thanwi, when Thanwi heard about this, he reassured the disciple and said:

There was assurance in this incident that the one to whom you return back to [Ashraf Thanwi], with the help of Allah the Exalted, is a follower of the Sunnah.

[Risala al Imdad, pg. 35]

In this case, a disciple openly recited words attributing prophethood to Thanwi, and Thanwi approved it. While condemning others for overstepping the bounds of finality of prophethood, their own scholars venerated themselves in such ways that effectively violates the finality of prophethood.

A Refutation of Deobandi Counter Arguments

Qasim Nanotwi Affirmed Chronological Finality?

Some Deobandi apologetic articles quote statements of Qasim Nanotwi to suggest he affirmed the finality of prophethood. Their main argument is that Nanotwi distinguished two main aspects of Seal of prophethood:

• Martabah (rank) – the primary meaning, referring to the superiority and exalted status of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
• Zamānī (temporal/chronological) – the secondary, incidental meaning, referring to the Prophet ﷺ being the last in time.

Deobandi writers argue that while Nanotwi primarily argued about the rank aspect, he also affirmed the temporal finality, which differentiates him from Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (AS), whom they claim did not accept the Zamānī aspect.

Firstly, if such was true then Nanotwi’s earlier statements would be contradicted. He explicitly said it is possible for another prophet to come without violating the Seal, and he also stated that there is no inherent virtue in Muhammad ﷺ being called the “last in time” as cited earlier.

Therefore, it would be inaccurate to claim that Nanotwi believed Allah conferred this title as a special honour especially when the verse 33:40 itself addresses the disbelievers mocking the Prophet ﷺ for having no physical progeny, affirming instead that he will have a spiritual progeny until the end of time. Thus contextually “being last in time” is not inherently meritorious just as the last caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate was not greater than the first.

Secondly, Qasim Nanotwi did not define khatamiyyat zamani as chronological finality. Rather, he defined khatamiyyat zamani to mean that Muhammad ﷺ is the last sharīʿah-bearing Prophet. In other words, Islam will not be abrogated, no new religion will be revealed, and therefore no prophet after Muhammad ﷺ can appear with a new sharīʿah or religion.

Two explicit statements from him will be presented below:

And the scholars of the People of the Sunnah (Ahle Sunnat) also explicitly state this matter, that in the era (or during the time) of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), no Prophet possessing a new law (Sharī’ah Jadīd) can appear/exist and any prophet who is contemporaneous with him saw will be follower of Mohammedan Shariah

[Tahzir An-Nas, pg. 91]

The meaning of Khatamiyyat-e-Zamaani is that after the advent of Deen-e-Muhammadiؐ , it won’t be abrogated. The knowledge of Nubuwwat has reached its apex. No other Prophet’s Religion or Knowledge is now needed for Bani Adam

[Munazarah Ajeeba, pg. 58]

Therefore, any statement in which Deobandis allege or give the impression that Qasim Nanotwi affirmed khatamiyyat zamani as chronological finality is either based on misunderstanding or deception. All such statements, when read in light of his own explicit definitions, refer to finality in the sense that Muhammad ﷺ is the last sharīʿah-bearing Prophet.

Just like Qasim Nanotwi, Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (AS) explained there are two main aspects of Khatm al-Nubuwwah:

• Martabah (rank) – All perfections of prophethood were completed in him ﷺ.
• Zamānī (temporal/chronological) – After him ﷺ, no messenger will bring a new shariah, and there is no prophet outside his community. Rather, anyone who receives divine communication now receives it through his ﷺ grace and mediation, and such a person is considered a follower of his Ummah, not an independent prophet.

Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (AS) states:

But the Holy Prophet ﷺ was given a special honor as the Seal of the Prophets: All perfections of prophethood were completed in him. After him, no messenger will bring a new shariah, and there is no prophet outside his community. Rather, anyone who receives divine communication now receives it through his grace and mediation, and such a person is considered a follower of his Ummah, not an independent prophet.

[Roohani Khazain, vol 23, Chashma Ma’rafat, pg. 380]

If both Qasim Nanotwi and Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (AS) affirmed Khatm al-Nubuwwah in terms of both Martabah (rank/superiority) and Zamānī (temporal/chronological finality), and both defined Zamānī in identical ways, then there is effectively no difference in the core meaning of finality of prophethood between them.

Qari Muhammad Tayyab al-Deobandi: Muhammad (SAW) is NOT the Last Prophet

Misquoting Qasim Nanotwi to suggest he believed in the chronological finality of prophethood contradicts how major Deobandi scholars explained it. For example, Qari Muhammad Tayyab explicitly stated that prophethood has not ended. A transcription of his recording was cited earlier in this article, and he has also written extensively on this topic. Full details of his statements can be found in this article.

Qari Muhammad Tayyab al-Deobandi on the Seal of the Prophets and the Return of ‘Isa ﷺ

Secondly, claiming that Qasim Nanotwi defined khatamiyyat zamani as purely chronological finality contradicts how Qari Muhammad Tayyab rationalised the return of Prophet Isa (AS). He recognized that if khatamiyyat zamani meant being last in time, a contradiction would arise: Prophet Isa (AS) returning after Muhammad ﷺ would appear to challenge Muhammad ﷺ’s status as the Seal of the Prophets. Qari Muhammad Tayyab resolves this by explaining that Isa (AS) will follow the law of Muhammad ﷺ thus there is no contradiction, since the Qur’an contains all previous knowledge and the Prophet ﷺ’s character embodies the qualities of all prior prophets. This shows that Muhammad ﷺ is the ultimate perfection in prophethood, with all other prophets, including Isa (AS), subordinate to his law. Consequently, this entails that Muhammad ﷺ is the last sharīʿah-bearing prophet: no new religion will be revealed, and Islam will not be abrogated, fully aligning with Qasim Nanotwi’s and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s (AS) definition of khatamiyyat zamani.

The comprehensiveness of perfection in character that exists in the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is clearly understood from the incident wherein Siddiqah ‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) was asked about the prophetic character. She responded, “His character was the Qur’an” (Ahmad). In other words, all of that which exists in the Qur’an in the form of knowledge exists in the form of character and aptitude in the Prophet ﷺ … Since the Qur’an encompasses [the knowledge of] all the previous books and is a collection of the Prophet ﷺ’s character, this establishes that his character encompasses all the characteristics of the previous prophets. This is a clear proof for the Prophet ﷺ being the finality of the perfection in character and being at the highest degree of perfection in creation. Hence, it is self-evident from this that the Blessed One ﷺ in whom all the foundations of prophethood are contained and who is superior to all, only he can then be the primary one (asl) of these foundations (prophets).

A covenant was taken from the prophets to believe, follow and aid the Prophet [Muhammad] ﷺ on the basis of him being the primary prophet as is clear from the verse of the Qur’an, “When Allah took the covenant of the prophets” )3:81). The Prophet ﷺ elucidated, in light of this verse, that the previous prophets are all under the Seal of the Prophets by saying, “If Musa (peace be upon him) was alive, he would have had no option except to follow me” (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah). The upshot of this is that Musa (peace be upon him) – the resolute messenger who was given a shari’ah – had to be obeyed [by mankind] in the absence of the Seal of the Prophets, but in the presence of the Seal of the Prophets, rather than being the one who is to be obeyed, he becomes the one who obeys [the Seal of the Prophets]. This is only possible when his rank is deemed below the Seal of the Prophets’ rank, because in reality all the control and authority of the one who is subordinate (ma taht) comes from the one above (ma fawq), i.e., it is given to him by the one who is higher in authority.

[The principle is that] in the presence of the primary authority, the authority of the secondary is nonexistent. This is exactly like the prime minister saying to his [subordinate] ministers, “In my presence, none of you has full authority. Your ability to command comes into effect only in my absence.” It can be understood from this that the authority of the one below is nonexistent in the presence of the one above him, even if the rank of the one below customarily remains intact. This principle is not just restricted to this case, but rather this is the case of every primary and secondary entity in any sphere, i.e., in the presence of the primary, the secondary has no control. In the presence of the father, for example, his own son (who has his own children) would feel shy in calling himself “father” in front of him, let alone pointing to or using his right of fatherhood. This is because his fatherhood is secondary to his father’s fatherhood, and in the presence of the primary, the status of the secondary does not remain. Furthermore, for example, one would feel shy in referring to a stream as a “river” if the ocean is right in front of him, because [the reality is that] wherever a body of water exists it is directly or indirectly fed by the ocean. This is why once all these mighty rivers reach the ocean, they flow into the ocean’s flow. Their own rate of flow does not remain intact. Also, for example, stars would feel shy to refer to themselves as radiant when the sun is shining, because their primary star is in front of them. In the presence of the primary, the secondary feels shy of its own existence, let alone becoming a claimant to its [independent] existence.

In the same manner, upon the rising of the Sun of all Guidance ﷺ, it is natural and innate for all the prophets to conform to this Seal of the Prophets rather than implement their own law, i.e., rather than ruling according to their own prophethood or commanding [others] to rule by them. This is the same reality which has been made clear in the above-mentioned hadith that if a previous prophet finds himself in the period of the Seal of the Prophets, the laws of the finality of prophethood (khatm al-nubuwwah) shall apply upon him and his nation rather than his own laws … which in reality is a clear proof for the Seal of the Prophets ﷺ being primary in perfection, and all non-final prophets being secondary in [this] perfection.

Even though the above-mentioned hadith in regards to Musa (peace be upon him) portrays a hypothetical scenario but when in the period of the Prophet ﷺ, ‘Isa (or Jesus) (peace be upon him) will be made to descend from the heavens, he will [in actuality] follow the religion of the Seal of the Prophets ﷺ. In fact, it is possible that ‘Isa (peace be upon him) was raised to the heavens alive, so that he be made to descend from the heavens to the earth in the last period to make this very reality apparent, such that in the age of strife he perform renewal (tajdid) of the Shar‘iah of the Prophet ﷺ, while obeying it, with all the powers of his prophethood. Therefore, through this, the obedience of a previous prophet to the Shari’ah of the Prophet ﷺ no longer remains a matter of creed (aqidah) only, but rather a practical example will [now] be in front of all.

This practical example also establishes that this is not just in reference to a single Israelite messenger, but rather the adherence of all the Israelite prophets is established through this because ‘Isa (peace be upon him) is the final prophet of the Banu Isra’il and the last link in the chain of the Israelite prophethood (nubuwwah). If the last link of a continuous chain is pulled in one direction, the entire chain will naturally be pulled in the same direction. The ruling of the last link in the chain will be considered the ruling of the entire chain. Therefore, there is no reason to not accept this as proof for the entire chain of [Israelite] prophets to be followers of the way of the Seal of the Prophets ﷺ, after the descent of ‘Isa (peace be upon him) as a follower of the way of the Seal of the Prophets ﷺ, as he is the last link in the chain of Banu Isra’il prophets.

Especially when this is [also] in accordance with the Torah’s clarification, as has been mentioned in hadiths, that Musa (peace be upon him) supplicated, “If the likes of the ummah of Muhammad cannot be given to me then include me in it”. Therefore, the final prophet of Musa (peace be upon him)’s chain [i.e. ‘Isa, peace be upon him] will be sent as a reviver of Islam and as a follower of the Shari’ah of the Prophet ﷺ. ‘Isa (peace be upon him) will be included in the ummah of the Prophet ﷺ to fulfill the desire of Musa (peace upon him). As ‘Isa (peace be upon him) is a prophet who is the end point of the Israelites, when he becomes a member of the ummah of the Prophet ﷺ, the entirety of Israelite prophethood from Musa to ‘Isa (peace be upon them both) becomes included in the ummah of the Prophet ﷺ as followers.

Through the connection between the first and last, i.e., through making apparent the obedience to the way of the Prophet ﷺ by the very first Israelite messenger (Musa) and the very last (‘Isa), all of the Israelite messengers – who were the most superior in the world in their respective times – are as a result proven to be followers of the Prophet ﷺ. In addition to this, all the earlier prophethoods which culminated in the station of Isra’iliyyah, due to them being the predecessors to Isra’iliyyah, are included in this following of the Prophet ﷺ [as well]. Consequently, the same ruling is derived for all the prophets (peace be upon them), i.e., their prophethoods are considered secondary to the Seal of the Prophets. Through this, it becomes evident that the Prophet ﷺ is the prophet of the prophets (nabi al-anbiya’).

From this, another issue is clarified in regards to the period of the Prophet ﷺ, which is the last period, if the prophets have no option but to practice obedience to the Prophet ﷺ, then it is an open declaration that their nations also have no option but to be obedient to the Seal of the Prophets ﷺ. In fact, salvation in the Hereafter is restricted to the religion of the Seal of the Prophets ﷺ [as the Qur’an declares]:

“If anyone seeks a religion other than Islam, it will not be accepted from him: he will be one of the losers in the Hereafter.” (3:85)

Thus, the title of Khatam al-Nabiyyin (Seal of the Prophets) has made apparent the primary nature of the prophethood of the Seal of the Prophets ﷺ and that he is the one who is followed in the universal sense.

[Aftab-e-Nubuwwat, pg. 86-89]

Qasim Nanotwi Made an Error, and No One Is Obliged to Follow Him?

When unable to reconcile Qasim Nanotwi’s position on the Seal of Prophethood, Deobandis may claim that he simply made an error and that no one is obliged to follow him. However, according to Deobandi sources themselves, he received divine insight when explaining Khatam an-Nabiyeen. In Al-Muhannad ‘ala al-Mufannad it is written that Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanotwi received kashf (revelation from Allah) when explaining Khatam an-Nabiyeen in his book titled Tahzīr An-Nās.

This puts the Deobandis and the admirers of the Deobandi sect in a predicament: either say they lied and Allah never gave them such revelation to write such statements, or say they are right and consequently agree that the Ahmadi position, which is identical, is not only right but their aqeedah is also informed by divine insight.

Nor will you attain the honor of his comprehensive excellence and complete merit; this subtle point is Maulana’s revelation (kashf) regarding the majesty, exalted rank, and greatness of the Prophet ﷺ.

[Al-Muhannad ‘ala al-Mufannad, pg. 42]

On top of that, Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (the author of Al-Muhannad), a leading figure in the Deobandi school, explicitly defends the Nanotwi’s position in Al-Muhannad. When someone defends a position, they do not reject it; they affirm it. This defense, along with the attestation and certification of Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad by 24 leading Deobandi scholars including Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Mahmud ul Hassan, and others shows that the Deobandi authorities collectively accept and uphold Qasim Nanotwi’s position, leaving no room for denial. The names of the 24 scholars can be read below:

• Shaykh al-Hind, Hadhrat Mawlana Mahmud Hasan — d. 1339 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Mir Ahmad Hasan Sahib Amrohi — d. 1330 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Mufti Aziz al-Rahman ‘Uthmani — d. 1347 AH
• Hakim al-Ummah, Hadhrat Mawlana Ashraf ‘Ali Thanwi — d. 1362 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Shah ‘Abd al-Rahim Raipuri — d. 1337 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Hakim Muhammad Hasan (brother of Shaykh al-Hind) — d. 1345 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Qudrat Allah Muradabadi
• Hadhrat Mawlana Habib al-Rahman ‘Uthmani (brother of ‘Allamah Shabbir Ahmad ‘Uthmani) — d. 1348 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Muhammad Ahmad (son of Hadhrat Nanotwi) — d. 1347 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Ghulam Rasul, teacher at Dar al-‘Ulum Deoband — d. 1337 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Muhammad Suhail — d. 1367 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana ‘Abd al-Samad
• Hadhrat Mawlana Hakim Muhammad Ishaq Nahawri Dehlawi
• Hadhrat Mawlana Riyad al-Din, Madrasah ‘Aliyah, Meerut
• Hadhrat Mawlana Mufti Kifayat Allah Dehlawi — d. 1372 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Ziya al-Haqq Dehlawi
• Hadhrat Mawlana Muhammad Qasim Dehlawi
• Hadhrat Mawlana ‘Ashiq Ilahi Meerthi — d. 1360 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Siraj Ahmad, Sardhana, Meerut
• Mawlana Qari Muhammad Ishaq, Madrasa Islamiyyah, Meerut
• Mawlana Hakim Muhammad Mustafa Bijnori
• Hadhrat Mawlana Muhammad Mas‘ud Ahmad Gangohi (son of Hadhrat Gangohi)
• Hadhrat Mawlana Muhammad Yahya Saharanpuri — d. 1334 AH
• Hadhrat Mawlana Kifayat Allah Gangohi, teacher at Mazahir al-‘Ulum Saharanpur

[Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad (with Preface and Notes by Muhammad Ilyas Ghuman), pg. 8-10]

Not only that, Deobandi scholars today themselves state that there is an ijmāʿ among Deobandis upon the contents and beliefs outlined in Al-Muhannad ʿala al-Mufannad, and that the beliefs expressed in Al-Muhannad represent the beliefs of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamāʿah. To such an extent, they maintain that whoever rejects even a single statement contained in Al-Muhannad can no longer be regarded as a Deobandi. For example, Deobandi scholar Ilyas Ghuman states:

Thus, this book (Al-Muhannad ‘ala al-Mufannad) represents the unanimous work of the Deobandi scholars of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama‘ah, following the attestations of these senior scholars. Now, anyone who claims affiliation with the Deobandi scholars of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama‘ah is required to accept all the views and beliefs contained in this book.

[Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad (with Preface and Notes by Muhammad Ilyas Ghuman), pg. 12]

The same thing is said by Deobandi scholar Muhammad Yusuf Ludhianvi who very explicitly says that four generations of Deobandi scholars all agreed to and affirmed the beliefs outlined in Al-Muhannad ʿala al-Mufannad. That means four successive generations of Deobandi scholars confirmed and upheld Qasim Nanotwi’s position and now the fifth generation of their students is continuing and upholding the same beliefs:

The elders of Deoband have passed through several generations. The first generation consisted of Hazrat Nanotwi, Hazrat Gangohi, Hazrat Mawlana Muhammad Ya‘qub Nanotwi (may Allah have mercy on them), and their contemporary senior scholars.

The second generation consisted of the students of these elders, among whom were Shaykh al-Hind, Hazrat Mawlana Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, Hazrat Hakim al-Ummah Thanwi (may Allah have mercy on them), and other senior scholars.

The third generation consisted of their students, including Hazrat Mawlana Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Hazrat Mawlana Sayyid Husayn Ahmad Madani, Hazrat Mawlana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (may Allah have mercy on them), and others.

The fourth generation consisted of their students, including Mawlana Muhammad Yusuf Banuri, Hazrat Mawlana Muhammad Shafi‘ Sahib (may Allah have mercy on them), and their contemporary senior scholars.

And now the fifth generation of their students is ongoing.

Al-Muhannad ʿala al-Mufannad bears the signatures of all the senior scholars of the second generation. These same beliefs were held by the elders of the first generation, and upon these beliefs the elders of the third and fourth generations have remained in agreement. Therefore, there is consensus (ijmāʿ) among all the senior Deobandi scholars upon the beliefs recorded in Al-Muhannad. No Deobandi has any scope to deviate from them, and whoever deviates from them is not deserving of being called a Deobandi.

[Fatawa Bayyinat, vol 1, pg. 526–527]

If Deobandis truly wish to concede that Qasim Nanotwi and all the later scholars who admired, attested to, and defended his statements were mistaken, then they must also concede something far more serious: that Nanotwi and all those scholars were not merely in error, but guilty of kufr. This is because the issue at hand is not a minor fiqh disagreement rather it is a blasphemous ‘aqīdah that has been propagated for over a century.

Deobandis must remember, this is the very same belief for which Deobandis today organise Khatm-e-Nubuwwat conferences, declaring Ahmadis to be disbelievers, apostates, and outside the fold of Islam. It is the same belief for which Ahmadis have historically been persecuted, ostracised, and even killed.

If Deobandis still insist that Nanotwi’s position was merely an error, then they should at least show one Deobandi scholar who is not bound by “delusion” and has made takfīr of Qasim Nanotwi. Other than that, they should also become Barelvis, because then they have validated Ahmad Raza Khan’s fatwas against the Deobandis, in which he accused them of violating the finality of prophethood.

Qasim Nanotwi Was Only Speaking Hypothetically, Not Claiming Another Prophet Will Come?

When referring to this statement:

Rather, if, hypothetically, after the time of the Prophet (SAW) another Prophet is born, even then it will make no difference to the Khaatamiyyat-e-Muhammadi (Seal of Prophethood of Muhammad) – similarly if another Prophet is his contemporary in another Earth, or even on this Earth another Prophet is made.

[Tahzīr An-Nās, pg. 63]

Deobandis often argue that Qasim Nanotwi’s statement about another prophet appearing was purely hypothetical, and that in reality he did not believe another prophet would come. However, this is a strawman, the issue is not on whether he actually believed another prophet will come but his definition on the seal of prophethood itself. He claimed that even if another prophet were to appear, it would not contradict the finality of prophethood. From a Sunni perspective, this is a problem. If the chronological finality of prophethood is essential element to the seal of prophethood in the way as most Sunnis understand it then saying hypothetically another prophet could appear without affecting finality shows he did not believe in the chronological finality of prophethood.

To illustrate the problem, consider this analogy: saying “if God hypothetically became a Trinity, there would be no contradiction to Tawhid” is obviously erroneous, it shows the one making the hypothetical does not actually believe in monotheism. Similarly, even speaking hypothetically, Qasim Nanotwi’s statement reveals a erroneous understanding of the finality of prophethood from the Sunni perspective.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Nanotwi stated that seal of prophethood has two aspects: rank (superiority) and a temporal aspect, meaning that Islam will not be abrogated and that the Prophet ﷺ is the last law bearing prophet. Ahmadis accept both aspects and Qasim Nanotwi did not believe in the chronological finality that is to say Muhammad ﷺ was last in time. This raises an important question for Sunnis, especially those who admire the Deobandi ulema: why are Deobandis not regarded in the same way as Ahmadis and even more so when many Deobandi scholars have been elevated to the level of prophethood?

If Ahmadis are considered rejecters of the finality of prophethood, then Deobandis must be considered rejecters as well.

For the common people reading the Quran with translation is dangerous…I give the fatwa that reading the Quran with translation is HARAM…Just as how books of medicine are beneficial but only to Medical doctors but not for the patients. In the same way, the Quran with translation is beneficial to those who are acquainted with the religious sciences but for the ignorant it is harmful.

[Malfuzat Hakeem Ul Ummat, Vol 25, Pg 119-120]

Maulvi Ashraf Ali Thanwi holds the position of Hakeem-ul-Ummat, “Physician of the Ummah”, amongst the Sunni Muslims. What is utterly shocking is that Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi copied Maulvi Fazl Khan Changawi, Maulvi Noor-ud-Deen(RA), and Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani (AS).

Maulvi Fazl Khan Changwi was an Ahmadi Scholar who wrote Asrar-e-Shariat spanning two volumes and multiple parts of it have quotes of Hazrat Hakeem-ul-Ummat Noor-ud-Deen Bhervi(RA) as well as the Promised Messiah(AS) but when these quotes are taken they are given with citation such as “(Noor)” for Noor-ud-Deen(RA). However Ashraf Ali Thanwi “Ahkam-e-Islam Aql Ki Nazar mein” is full of plagiarism of Maulvi Fazl Khan Changawi’s book as well as the books of the Promised messiah(AS). This is extremely problematic as Ashraf Ali Thanwi takfired Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(AS).

The aim of this article is to showcase several examples of Ashraf Ali Thanwi copying from Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(AS) word for word spanning multiple pages but yet giving no indication he took it from Masih-e-Maud(AS), however, there are many more instances of where Ashraf Thanwi plagiarized. The Deobandis have no choice but to admit to the greatness of the writings of Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(AS) and admit that their wajib-ul-taqleed Imam plagiarized from someone they consider a nonmuslim.

The Books that Ashraf Ali Thanwi plagiarized from

Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(AS) books/texts that Thanwi plagiarized from:

1. Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam: Originally an address during a conference on December 26th, 1896, then published in 1905
2. Barakatud Dua  : Original Urdu text first published in 1893
3. Naseem e Dawat: First Urdu Edition published in 1903
4. Arya Dharam: First published in Urdu in 1895
5. Noah’s Ark: First Urdu Edition published in 1902
6. Al-Hakam January 23, 1899 – Official Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Newspaper

Maulvi Fazal Khan Changawi, an Ahmadi Scholar, began writing his book(Asrar-e-Shariat) in 1909 and his book was published in 1910. In this book, he quoted many statements from the books of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad AS, Maulana Noorudeen RA, Maulawi Muhammad Ali, and more with citations.

The plagiarized filled book of Ashraf Ali Thanvi is called Ahkam-e-Islam Aqal Ki Nazar Main. Written in 1334 AH (1915), and republished in the computerized format in 2009.

Thanwi’s Plagirism of Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(AS)’s writings

Plagiarism Instance # 1: The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam Page 338

Original:

اس بات کا کس کو علم نہیں کہ یہ جانور اول درجہ کا نجاست خور اور نیز بے غیرت اور دیوث ہے۔ اب اس کے حرام ہونے کی وجہ ظاہر ہے کہ قانون قدرت یہی چاہتا ہے کہ ایسے پلید اور بد جانور کے گوشت کا اثر بھی بدن اور روح پر پلید ہی ہو کیونکہ ہم ثابت کر چکے ہیں کہ غذاؤں کا بھی انسان کی روح پر ضرور اثر ہے۔ پس اس میں کیا شک ہے کہ ایسے بد کا اثر بھی بد ہی پڑے گا جیسا کہ یونانی طبیبوں نے اسلام سے پہلے ہی یہ رائے ظاہر کی ہے کہ اس جانور کا گوشت بالخاصیت حیا کی قوت کو کم کرتا ہے اور دیوئی کو بڑھاتا ہے

The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam Page 338

Thanwi’s Plagiarism:

اس بات کا کس کو علم نہیں کہ یہ جانور اول درجہ کا نجاست خور اور نیز بے غیرت اور دیوث ہے۔ اب اس کے حرام ہونے کی وجہ ظاہر ہے کہ قانون قدرت یہی چاہتا ہے کہ ایسے پلید اور بد جانور کے گوشت کا اثر بھی بدن اور روح پر پلید ہی ہو کیونکہ ہم ثابت کر چکے ہیں کہ غذاؤں کا بھی انسان کی روح پر ضرور اثر ہے۔ پس اس میں کیا شک ہے کہ ایسے بد کا اثر بھی بد ہی پڑے گا جیسا کہ یونانی طبیبوں نے اسلام سے پہلے ہی یہ رائے ظاہر کی ہے کہ اس جانور کا گوشت بالخاصیت حیا کی قوت کو کم کرتا ہے اور دیوئی کو بڑھاتا ہے

Ahkam-e-Islam Aql Ki Nazar Mein pages 205-206

English translation is as follows:

Everyone knows that it eats filth and is utterly shameless. Thus the reason for the prohibition of its flesh is obvious, as by the law of nature its flesh would have a foul effect on the body and the soul of one who eats it. As we have already demonstrated food affects a person’s soul and there can be no doubt that the flesh of such a foul animal would also be foul. Even in pre-Islamic times, Greek physicians had opined that the flesh of this animal particularly damages the faculty of modesty and fosters shamelessness

.[The Philosphy and Teachings of Islam , Eng Translation 39-40]

Plagiarism Instance # 2: Barakatud Dua, Pages 7-8

Original:

اگر چہ دنیا کی کوئی خیر و شر مقدر سے خالی نہیں تا ہم قدرت نے اس کے حصول کے لئے ایسے اسباب مقرر کر رکھے ہیں جن کے صحیح اور بے اثر میں کسی خاوند کو کلام نہیں مثلا اگر چہ مقدر پر لحاظ کر کے دوا کا کرنا نہ کرنا در حقیقت ایسا ہی ہے جیسا که دعا یا ترک دعا مگر کیا سید صاحب یہ رائے ظاہر کر سکتے ہیں کہ مثلا علم طب سراسر باطل ہے اور حکیم حقیقی نے دواؤں میں کچھ بھی اثر نہیں رکھا۔

ہے کہ خدا تعالی اس بات پر تو قادر تھا کہ تربد اور سقمونیا اور سنا اور حب الملوک میں تو ایسا قومی اثر رکھے کہ ان کی پوری خوراک کھانے کے ساتھ ہی دست چھوٹ جائیں یا مثلاسم الفار اور بیش اور دوسری بلائل زہروں میں وہ غضب کی تاثیر ڈال دی کہ ان کا کامل قدر شربت چند منٹوں میں ہی اس جہان سے رخصت کر دے لیکن اپنے برگزیدوں کی توجہ اور عقد ہمت اور تضرع کی بھری ہوئی دعاؤں کو فقط مردہ کی طرح رہنے دے جن میں ایک ذرہ بھی اثر نہ ہو؟

اعلی تا شیروں پر ذاتی تجربہ نہیں رکھتے اور ان کی ایسی مثال ہے جیسے کوئی ایک مدت تک ایک پرانی اور سال خوردہ اور مسلوب القونی دوا کو استعمال کرے اور پھر اس کو بے اثر پاکر اس دوا پر عام علم نکا دے کہ اسمیں کچھ بھی تاثیر نہیں۔

Barakatud Dua  Pages 7-8

Thanwi’s Plagiarism:

 چہ مقدر پر لحاظ کر کے دوا کا کرنا نہ کرنا در حقیقت ایسا ہی ہے جیسا که دعا یا ترک دعا مگر کیا سید صاحب یہ رائے ظاہر کر سکتے ہیں کہ مثلا علم طب سراسر باطل ہے اور حکیم حقیقی نے دواؤں میں کچھ بھی اثر نہیں رکھا۔

ہے کہ خدا تعالی اس بات پر تو قادر تھا کہ تربد اور سقمونیا اور سنا اور حب الملوک میں تو ایسا قومی اثر رکھے کہ ان کی پوری خوراک کھانے کے ساتھ ہی دست چھوٹ جائیں یا مثلاسم الفار اور بیش اور دوسری بلائل زہروں میں وہ غضب کی تاثیر ڈال دی کہ ان کا کامل قدر شربت چند منٹوں میں ہی اس جہان سے رخصت کر دے لیکن اپنے برگزیدوں کی توجہ اور عقد ہمت اور تضرع کی بھری ہوئی دعاؤں کو فقط مردہ کی طرح رہنے دے جن میں ایک ذرہ بھی اثر نہ ہو؟

اعلی تا شیروں پر ذاتی تجربہ نہیں رکھتے اور ان کی ایسی مثال ہے جیسے کوئی ایک مدت تک ایک پرانی اور سال خوردہ اور مسلوب القونی دوا کو استعمال کرے اور پھر اس کو بے اثر پاکر اس دوا پر عام علم نکا دے کہ اسمیں کچھ بھی تاثیر نہیں۔

Ahkam-e-Islam Aql Ki Nazar Mein page 87

Plagiarism Instance # 3: Arya Dharam Pages 37,38, and 39

Original:

کہ مسلمانوں میں نکاح ایک معاہدہ ہے جس میں مرد کی طرف سے مہر اور تعہد نان و نفقہ اور اسلام اور حسن معاشرت شرط ہے اور عورت کی طرف سے عفت اور پاکدامنی اور نیک چلنی اور فرمانبرداری شرائط ضروریہ میں سے ہے اور جیسا کہ دوسرے تمام معاہدے شرائط کے ٹوٹ جانے سے قابل فسخ ہو جاتے ہیں ایسا ہی یہ معاہدہ بھی شرطوں کے ٹوٹنے کے بعد قابل فسخ ہو جاتا ہے صرف یہ فرق ہے کہ اگر مرد کی طرف سے شرائط ٹوٹ جائیں تو عورت خود بخو دنکاح کے توڑنے کی مجاز نہیں ہے جیسا کہ وہ خود بخو د نکاح کرنے کی مجاز نہیں بلکہ حاکم وقت کے ذریعہ سے نکاح کو توڑا سکتی ہے جیسا کہ ولی کے ذریعہ سے نکاح کو کر اسکتی ہے اور یہ کمی اختیار اس کی فطرتی شتاب کاری اور نقصان عقل کی وجہ سے ہے لیکن مرد جیسا کہ اپنے اختیار سے معاہدہ نکاح کا باندھ سکتا ہے ایسا ہی عورت کی طرف سے

شرائط ٹوٹنے کے وقت طلاق دینے میں بھی خود مختار ہے سو یہ قانون فطرتی قانون سے ایسی

(۳۳)

مناسبت اور مطابقت رکھتا ہے گویا کہ اُس کی عکسی تصویر ہے کیونکہ فطرتی قانون نے اس بات کو تسلیم کر لیا ہے کہ ہر ایک معاہدہ شرائط قرار دادہ کے فوت ہونے سے قابل فسخ ہو جاتا ہے اور اگر فریق ثانی فسخ سے مانع ہو تو وہ اس فریق پر ظلم کر رہا ہے جو فقدان شرائط کی وجہ سے فسخ عہد کا حق رکھتا ہے جب ہم سوچیں کہ نکاح کیا چیز ہے تو بجز اس کے اور کوئی حقیقت معلوم نہیں ہوتی کہ ایک پاک معاہدہ کی شرائط کے نیچے دو انسانوں کا زندگی بسر کرنا ہے اور جو شخص شرائط شکنی کا مرتکب ہو وہ عدالت کی رو سے معاہدہ کے حقوق سے محروم رہنے کے لائق ہو جاتا ہے اور اسی محرومی کا نام دوسرے لفظوں میں طلاق ہے لہذا طلاق ایک ایسی پوری پوری جدائی ہے جس سے مطلقہ کی حرکات سے شخص طلاق دہندہ پر کوئی بداثر نہیں پہنچتا یا دوسرے لفظوں میں ہم یوں کہہ سکتے ہیں کہ ایک عورت کسی کی منکوحہ ہو کر نکاح کے معاہدہ کو کسی اپنی بدچلنی سے توڑ دے تو وہ اُس عضو کی طرح ہے جو گندہ ہو گیا اور سڑ گیا یا اس دانت کی طرح ہے جس کو کیڑے نے کھا لیا اور وہ اپنے شدید درد سے ہر وقت تمام بدن کو ستاتا اور دکھ دیتا ہے تو اب حقیقت میں وہ دانت دانت نہیں ہے اور نہ وہ متعفن عضو حقیقت میں عضو ہے اور سلامتی اسی میں ہے کہ اُس کو اکھیڑ دیا جائے اور کاٹ دیا جائے اور پھینک دیا جائے یہ سب کا رروائی قانون قدرت کے موافق ہے ۔ عورت کا مرد سے ایسا تعلق نہیں جیسے اپنے ہاتھ اور اپنے پیر کا لیکن تاہم اگر کسی کا ہاتھ یا پیرکسی ایسی آفت میں مبتلا ہو جائے کہ اطباء اور ڈاکٹروں کی رائے اسی پر اتفاق کرے کہ زندگی اس کی کاٹ دینے میں ہے تو بھلا تم میں سے کون ہے کہ ایک جان کے بچانے کے لئے کاٹ دینے پر راضی نہ ہو پس ایسا ہی اگر تیری منکوحہ اپنی بدچلنی اور کسی مہان پاپ سے تیرے پر وبال لا دے تو وہ ایسا عضو ہے کہ بگڑ گیا اور سڑ گیا اور اب وہ تیرا عضو نہیں ہے اس کو جلد کاٹ دے اور

گھر سے باہر پھینک دے ایسا نہ ہو کہ اس کی زہر تیرے سارے بدن میں پہنچ جائے اور تجھے بلاک کرے پھر اگر اس کائے ہوئے اور زہر یلے جسم کوکوئی پرند یا درند کھالے تو تجھے اس سے کیا کام کیونکہ وہ جسم تو اُسی وقت سے تیرا جسم نہیں رہا جبکہ تو نے اُس کو کاٹ کر پھینک دیا

Arya Dharam Pages 37,38, and 39

Thanwi’s Plagiarism:

کہ مسلمانوں میں نکاح ایک معاہدہ ہے جس میں مرد کی طرف سے مہر اور تعہد نان و نفقہ اور اسلام اور حسن معاشرت شرط ہے اور عورت کی طرف سے عفت اور پاکدامنی اور نیک چلنی اور فرمانبرداری شرائط ضروریہ میں سے ہے اور جیسا کہ دوسرے تمام معاہدے شرائط کے ٹوٹ جانے سے قابل فسخ ہو جاتے ہیں ایسا ہی یہ معاہدہ بھی شرطوں کے ٹوٹنے کے بعد قابل فسخ ہو جاتا ہے صرف یہ فرق ہے کہ اگر مرد کی طرف سے شرائط ٹوٹ جائیں تو عورت خود بخو دنکاح کے توڑنے کی مجاز نہیں ہے جیسا کہ وہ خود بخو د نکاح کرنے کی مجاز نہیں بلکہ حاکم وقت کے ذریعہ سے نکاح کو توڑا سکتی ہے جیسا کہ ولی کے ذریعہ سے نکاح کو کر اسکتی ہے اور یہ کمی اختیار اس کی فطرتی شتاب کاری اور نقصان عقل کی وجہ سے ہے لیکن مرد جیسا کہ اپنے اختیار سے معاہدہ نکاح کا باندھ سکتا ہے ایسا ہی عورت کی طرف سے

شرائط ٹوٹنے کے وقت طلاق دینے میں بھی خود مختار ہے سو یہ قانون فطرتی قانون سے ایسی

(۳۳)

مناسبت اور مطابقت رکھتا ہے گویا کہ اُس کی عکسی تصویر ہے کیونکہ فطرتی قانون نے اس بات کو تسلیم کر لیا ہے کہ ہر ایک معاہدہ شرائط قرار دادہ کے فوت ہونے سے قابل فسخ ہو جاتا ہے اور اگر فریق ثانی فسخ سے مانع ہو تو وہ اس فریق پر ظلم کر رہا ہے جو فقدان شرائط کی وجہ سے فسخ عہد کا حق رکھتا ہے جب ہم سوچیں کہ نکاح کیا چیز ہے تو بجز اس کے اور کوئی حقیقت معلوم نہیں ہوتی کہ ایک پاک معاہدہ کی شرائط کے نیچے دو انسانوں کا زندگی بسر کرنا ہے اور جو شخص شرائط شکنی کا مرتکب ہو وہ عدالت کی رو سے معاہدہ کے حقوق سے محروم رہنے کے لائق ہو جاتا ہے اور اسی محرومی کا نام دوسرے لفظوں میں طلاق ہے لہذا طلاق ایک ایسی پوری پوری جدائی ہے جس سے مطلقہ کی حرکات سے شخص طلاق دہندہ پر کوئی بداثر نہیں پہنچتا یا دوسرے لفظوں میں ہم یوں کہہ سکتے ہیں کہ ایک عورت کسی کی منکوحہ ہو کر نکاح کے معاہدہ کو کسی اپنی بدچلنی سے توڑ دے تو وہ اُس عضو کی طرح ہے جو گندہ ہو گیا اور سڑ گیا یا اس دانت کی طرح ہے جس کو کیڑے نے کھا لیا اور وہ اپنے شدید درد سے ہر وقت تمام بدن کو ستاتا اور دکھ دیتا ہے تو اب حقیقت میں وہ دانت دانت نہیں ہے اور نہ وہ متعفن عضو حقیقت میں عضو ہے اور سلامتی اسی میں ہے کہ اُس کو اکھیڑ دیا جائے اور کاٹ دیا جائے اور پھینک دیا جائے یہ سب کا رروائی قانون قدرت کے موافق ہے ۔ عورت کا مرد سے ایسا تعلق نہیں جیسے اپنے ہاتھ اور اپنے پیر کا لیکن تاہم اگر کسی کا ہاتھ یا پیرکسی ایسی آفت میں مبتلا ہو جائے کہ اطباء اور ڈاکٹروں کی رائے اسی پر اتفاق کرے کہ زندگی اس کی کاٹ دینے میں ہے تو بھلا تم میں سے کون ہے کہ ایک جان کے بچانے کے لئے کاٹ دینے پر راضی نہ ہو پس ایسا ہی اگر تیری منکوحہ اپنی بدچلنی اور کسی مہان پاپ سے تیرے پر وبال لا دے تو وہ ایسا عضو ہے کہ بگڑ گیا اور سڑ گیا اور اب وہ تیرا عضو نہیں ہے اس کو جلد کاٹ دے اور

گھر سے باہر پھینک دے ایسا نہ ہو کہ اس کی زہر تیرے سارے بدن میں پہنچ جائے اور تجھے بلاک کرے پھر اگر اس کائے ہوئے اور زہر یلے جسم کوکوئی پرند یا درند کھالے تو تجھے اس سے کیا کام کیونکہ وہ جسم تو اُسی وقت سے تیرا جسم نہیں رہا جبکہ تو نے اُس کو کاٹ کر پھینک دیا

Ahkam-e-Islam Aqal Ki Nazar Main, Pages 161-162

Plagiarism Instance # 4: Barakatud Dua, Pages 11-12

Original:

یہی حال دواؤں کا بھی ہے ۔ کیا دواؤں نے موت کا دروازہ بند کر دیا ہے؟

یا اُن کا خطا جانا غیر ممکن ہے ؟ مگر کیا با وجود اس بات کے کوئی اُن کی تاثیر سے انکار کر سکتا ہے؟ یہ بیچ ہے کہ ہر ایک امر پر تقدیر محیط ہو رہی ہے ۔ مگر تقدیر نے علوم کو ضائع اور بے حرمت نہیں کیا اور نہ اسباب کو بے اعتبار کر کے دکھلایا ۔ بلکہ اگر غور کر کے دیکھو تو یہ جسمانی اور روحانی اسباب بھی تقدیر سے باہر نہیں ہیں ۔ مثلاً اگر ایک بیمار کی تقدیر نیک ہو تو اسباب علاج پورے طور میسر آ جاتے ہیں اور جسم کی حالت بھی ایسے درجہ پر ہوتی ہے کہ وہ ان سے نفع اٹھانے کے لئے مستعد ہوتا ہے ۔ تب دوا نشانہ کی طرح جا کر اثر کرتی ہے۔ یہی قاعدہ دعا کا بھی ہے۔ یعنی دعا کے لئے بھی تمام اسباب وشرائط قبولیت اُسی جگہ جمع ہوتے ہیں جہاں ارادہ الہی اُس کے قبول کرنے کا ہے

Barakatud Dua, Pages 11-12

Thanwi’s Plagiarism:

یہی حال دواؤں کا بھی ہے ۔ کیا دواؤں نے موت کا دروازہ بند کر دیا ہے

یا اُن کا خطا جانا غیر ممکن ہے ؟ مگر کیا با وجود اس بات کے کوئی اُن کی تاثیر سے انکار کر سکتا ہے؟ یہ بیچ ہے کہ ہر ایک امر پر تقدیر محیط ہو رہی ہے ۔ مگر تقدیر نے علوم کو ضائع اور بے حرمت نہیں کیا اور نہ اسباب کو بے اعتبار کر کے دکھلایا ۔ بلکہ اگر غور کر کے دیکھو تو یہ جسمانی اور روحانی اسباب بھی تقدیر سے باہر نہیں ہیں ۔ مثلاً اگر ایک بیمار کی تقدیر نیک ہو تو اسباب علاج پورے طور میسر آ جاتے ہیں اور جسم کی حالت بھی ایسے درجہ پر ہوتی ہے کہ وہ ان سے نفع اٹھانے کے لئے مستعد ہوتا ہے ۔ تب دوا نشانہ کی طرح جا کر اثر کرتی ہے۔ یہی قاعدہ دعا کا بھی ہے۔ یعنی دعا کے لئے بھی تمام اسباب وشرائط قبولیت اُسی جگہ جمع ہوتے ہیں جہاں ارادہ الہی اُس کے قبول کرنے کا ہے

Ahkam-e-Islam Aqal Ki Nazar Main, Page 88

English Translation

Have medicines closed the door of death, or is it impossible for them to fail in their purpose? And yet can anyone deny their effect? It is true that Predestination comprehends everything, but it has neither rendered the sciences useless nor has it shown the means to be unreliable. If you reflect deeply enough, you will see that the physical and spiritual means are not outside the sphere of Predestination. For instance, if a sick person’s destiny is favourable, all the means for the proper remedy become available and his physical condition happens to be such that it is ready to derive full benefit from the remedy, and the medicine also finds its mark accurately. The same principle applies to prayer. All the means and conditions for the acceptance of a prayer only become available when God wills to accept it.

[Barkatud Dua – English translation : The Blessings of Prayer page 18]

Plagiarism Instance # 5: Arya Dharam Pages 22-23

Original:

[yellow highlight]

پر ہیز گار رہنے کی غرض سے نکاح کرو اور اولاد صالح طلب کرنے کے لئے دعا کرو جیسا کہ وہ اپنی پاک کلام میں فرماتا ب مُحْصِينَ غَيْرَ مُسْفِحِينَ، الجز نمبر ۵ ۔ یعنی چاہئے کہ تمہارا نکاح اس نیت سے ہو کہ تا تم تقویٰ اور پرہیز گاری کے قلعہ میں داخل ہو جاؤ ۔ ایسا نہ ہو کہ حیوانات کی طرح محض نطفہ نکالنا ہی تمہارا مطلب ہو ۔

[blue highlight]

اور پھر ایک اور جگہ فرماتا ہے وَلْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّى يَغْنِيَهُمُ اللهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ” الجز و نمبر ۱۸ سورۃ النور ۔ یعنی جو لوگ نکاح کی طاقت نہ رکھیں جو پرہیز گار رہنے کا اصل ذریعہ ہے تو اُن کو چاہئے کہ اور تدبیروں سے طلب عفت کریں چنانچہ بخاری اور مسلم کی حدیث میں آنحضرت صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم فرماتے ہیں کہ جو نکاح کرنے پر قادر نہ ہو اُس کے لئے پر ہیز گار رہنے کے لئے یہ تدبیر ہے کہ وہ روزے رکھا کرے اور حدیث یہ ہے یا معشر الشباب من استطاع منكم الباءة فليتزوج فانه اغض للبصر وأحصن للفرج ومن لم يستطع فعليه بالصوم فانه له وجاء صحیح مسلم و بخاری یعنے اے جوانوں کے گروہ جو کوئی تم میں سے نکاح کی قدرت رکھتا ہو تو چاہیے۔ کہ وہ نکاح کرے کیونکہ نکاح آنکھوں کو خوب نیچا کر دیتا ہے اور شرم کے اعضاء کو زنا وغیرہ سے بچاتا ہے ورنہ روزہ رکھو کہ وہ خضی کر دیتا ہے۔

Arya Dharam Pages 22-23

Thanwi’s Plagiarism:

[yellow highlight]

پر ہیز گار رہنے کی غرض سے نکاح کرو اور اولاد صالح طلب کرنے کے لئے دعا کرو جیسا کہ وہ اپنی پاک کلام میں فرماتا ب مُحْصِينَ غَيْرَ مُسْفِحِينَ، الجز نمبر ۵ ۔ یعنی چاہئے کہ تمہارا نکاح اس نیت سے ہو کہ تا تم تقویٰ اور پرہیز گاری کے قلعہ میں داخل ہو جاؤ ۔ ایسا نہ ہو کہ حیوانات کی طرح محض نطفہ نکالنا ہی تمہارا مطلب ہو ۔

[blue highlight]

اور پھر ایک اور جگہ فرماتا ہے وَلْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّى يَغْنِيَهُمُ اللهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ” الجز و نمبر ۱۸ سورۃ النور ۔ یعنی جو لوگ نکاح کی طاقت نہ رکھیں جو پرہیز گار رہنے کا اصل ذریعہ ہے تو اُن کو چاہئے کہ اور تدبیروں سے طلب عفت کریں چنانچہ بخاری اور مسلم کی حدیث میں آنحضرت صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم فرماتے ہیں کہ جو نکاح کرنے پر قادر نہ ہو اُس کے لئے پر ہیز گار رہنے کے لئے یہ تدبیر ہے کہ وہ روزے رکھا کرے اور حدیث یہ ہے یا معشر الشباب من استطاع منكم الباءة فليتزوج فانه اغض للبصر وأحصن للفرج ومن لم يستطع فعليه بالصوم فانه له وجاء صحیح مسلم و بخاری یعنے اے جوانوں کے گروہ جو کوئی تم میں سے نکاح کی قدرت رکھتا ہو تو چاہیے۔ کہ وہ نکاح کرے کیونکہ نکاح آنکھوں کو خوب نیچا کر دیتا ہے اور شرم کے اعضاء کو زنا وغیرہ سے بچاتا ہے ورنہ روزہ رکھو کہ وہ خضی کر دیتا ہے۔

Ahkam-e-Islam Aqal Ki Nazar Main, Pages 140-141

Plagiarism Instance # 6: Kishti-e-Nuh, Pages 69-70

Original:

[yellow highlight]

کے لئے اُن کا وارد ہونا ضروری ہے۔ (۱) پہلے جب کہ تم مطلع کئے جاتے ہو کہ تم پر ایک بلا آنے والی ہے مثلاً جیسے تمہارے نام عدالت سے ایک وارنٹ جاری ہوا یہ پہلی حالت ہے جس نے تمہاری تسلی اور خوشحالی میں خلل ڈالا سو یہ حالت زوال کے وقت سے مشابہ ہے کیونکہ اس سے تمہاری خوشحالی میں زوال آنا شروع ہوا اس کے مقابل پر نماز ظہر متعین ہوئی جس کا وقت زوال آفتاب سے شروع ہوتا ہے۔

[blue highlight]

(۲) دوسرا تغیر اس وقت تم پر آتا ہے جب کہ تم بلا کے محل سے بہت نزدیک کئے جاتے ہو مثلاً

جب کہ تم بذریعہ وارنٹ گرفتار ہو کر حاکم کے سامنے پیش ہوتے ہو یہ وہ وقت ہے کہ جب تمہارا خوف سے خون خشک ہو جاتا ہے اور تسلی کا نور تم سے رخصت ہونے کو ہوتا ہے سو یہ حالت تمہاری اُس

وقت سے مشابہ ہے جب کہ آفتاب سے نور کم ہو جاتا ہے اور نظر اُس پر جم سکتی ہے اور صریح نظر آتا ہے کہ اب اس کا غروب نزدیک ہے۔ اس روحانی حالت کے مقابل پر نماز عصر مقرر ہوئی۔

(۳) تیسر اتغیر تم پر اس وقت آتا ہے جو اس بلا سے رہائی پانے کی بنگلی امید منقطع ہو جاتی

ہے مثلاً جیسے تمہارے نام فرد قرار داد جرم لکھی جاتی ہے اور مخالفانہ گواہ تمہاری ہلاکت کے لئے گزر جاتے ہیں یہ وہ وقت ہے کہ جب تمہارے حواس خطا ہو جاتے ہیں اور تم اپنے تئیں ایک قیدی سمجھنے لگتے ہو ۔ سو یہ حالت اس وقت سے مشابہ ہے جب کہ آفتاب غروب ہو جاتا ہے اور تمام امیدیں دن کی روشنی کی ختم ہو جاتی ہیں اس روحانی حالت کے مقابل پر نماز مغرب مقرر ہے۔

[red highlight]

(۴) چوتھا تغیر اس وقت تم پر آتا ہے کہ جب بلا تم پر وارد ہی ہو جاتی ہے اور اس کی سخت تاریخی تم پر احاطہ کر لیتی ہے مثلاً جب کہ فرد قرار داد جرم اور شہادتوں کے بعد ھم سزا تم کو سنایا جاتا

ہے اور قید کے لئے ایک پولس مین کے تم حوالہ کئے جاتے ہوسو یہ حالت اس وقت سے مشابہ ہے جب کہ رات پڑ جاتی ہے اور ایک سخت اندھیرا پڑ جاتا ہے اس روحانی حالت کے مقابل پر نماز

عشاء مقرر ہے۔

[orange highlight]

(۵) پھر جب کہ تم ایک مدت تک اس مصیبت کی تاریکی میں بسر کرتے ہو تو پھر آخر خدا کا رم تم پر جوش مارتا ہے اور تمہیں اس تاریخی سے نجات دیتا ہے مثلا جیسے تاریکی کے بعد پھر آخر کار صبح نکلتی ہے اور پھر وہی روشنی دن کی اپنی چمک کے ساتھ ظاہر ہو جاتی ہے سو اس روحانی حالت کے

مقابل پر نماز فجر مقرر ہے اور خدا نے تمہارے فطرتی تغیرات میں پانچ حالتیں دیکھ کر پانچ نمازیں تمہارے لئے مقرر کیں اس سے تم سمجھ سکتے ہو کہ یہ نمازیں خاص تمہارے نفس کے فائدہ کے لئے ہین

Kishti-e-Nuh, Pages 69-70

Thanwi’s Plagiarism:

[yellow highlight]

کے لئے اُن کا وارد ہونا ضروری ہے۔ (۱) پہلے جب کہ تم مطلع کئے جاتے ہو کہ تم پر ایک بلا آنے والی ہے مثلاً جیسے تمہارے نام عدالت سے ایک وارنٹ جاری ہوا یہ پہلی حالت ہے جس نے تمہاری تسلی اور خوشحالی میں خلل ڈالا سو یہ حالت زوال کے وقت سے مشابہ ہے کیونکہ اس سے تمہاری خوشحالی میں زوال آنا شروع ہوا اس کے مقابل پر نماز ظہر متعین ہوئی جس کا وقت زوال آفتاب سے شروع ہوتا ہے۔

[blue highlight]

(۲) دوسرا تغیر اس وقت تم پر آتا ہے جب کہ تم بلا کے محل سے بہت نزدیک کئے جاتے ہو مثلاً

جب کہ تم بذریعہ وارنٹ گرفتار ہو کر حاکم کے سامنے پیش ہوتے ہو یہ وہ وقت ہے کہ جب تمہارا خوف سے خون خشک ہو جاتا ہے اور تسلی کا نور تم سے رخصت ہونے کو ہوتا ہے سو یہ حالت تمہاری اُس

وقت سے مشابہ ہے جب کہ آفتاب سے نور کم ہو جاتا ہے اور نظر اُس پر جم سکتی ہے اور صریح نظر آتا ہے کہ اب اس کا غروب نزدیک ہے۔ اس روحانی حالت کے مقابل پر نماز عصر مقرر ہوئی۔

(۳) تیسر اتغیر تم پر اس وقت آتا ہے جو اس بلا سے رہائی پانے کی بنگلی امید منقطع ہو جاتی

ہے مثلاً جیسے تمہارے نام فرد قرار داد جرم لکھی جاتی ہے اور مخالفانہ گواہ تمہاری ہلاکت کے لئے گزر جاتے ہیں یہ وہ وقت ہے کہ جب تمہارے حواس خطا ہو جاتے ہیں اور تم اپنے تئیں ایک قیدی سمجھنے لگتے ہو ۔ سو یہ حالت اس وقت سے مشابہ ہے جب کہ آفتاب غروب ہو جاتا ہے اور تمام امیدیں دن کی روشنی کی ختم ہو جاتی ہیں اس روحانی حالت کے مقابل پر نماز مغرب مقرر ہے۔

[red highlight]

(۴) چوتھا تغیر اس وقت تم پر آتا ہے کہ جب بلا تم پر وارد ہی ہو جاتی ہے اور اس کی سخت تاریخی تم پر احاطہ کر لیتی ہے مثلاً جب کہ فرد قرار داد جرم اور شہادتوں کے بعد ھم سزا تم کو سنایا جاتا

ہے اور قید کے لئے ایک پولس مین کے تم حوالہ کئے جاتے ہوسو یہ حالت اس وقت سے مشابہ ہے جب کہ رات پڑ جاتی ہے اور ایک سخت اندھیرا پڑ جاتا ہے اس روحانی حالت کے مقابل پر نماز

عشاء مقرر ہے۔

[orange highlight]

(۵) پھر جب کہ تم ایک مدت تک اس مصیبت کی تاریکی میں بسر کرتے ہو تو پھر آخر خدا کا رم تم پر جوش مارتا ہے اور تمہیں اس تاریخی سے نجات دیتا ہے مثلا جیسے تاریکی کے بعد پھر آخر کار صبح نکلتی ہے اور پھر وہی روشنی دن کی اپنی چمک کے ساتھ ظاہر ہو جاتی ہے سو اس روحانی حالت کے

مقابل پر نماز فجر مقرر ہے اور خدا نے تمہارے فطرتی تغیرات میں پانچ حالتیں دیکھ کر پانچ نمازیں تمہارے لئے مقرر کیں اس سے تم سمجھ سکتے ہو کہ یہ نمازیں خاص تمہارے نفس کے فائدہ کے لئے ہین

Ahkam-e-Islam Aqal Ki Nazar Main, Pages 50, 51, and 52

Plagiarism Instance # 7: Naseem e Dawat Pages 437-438

Original:

Naseem e Dawat Pages 436-438

Thanwi’s Plagiarism:

Ahkam-e-Islam Aqal Ki Nazar Main, Pages 224-226

Plagiarism Instance #8 – Al-Hakam January 23, 1899 pages 2-3

Original of Masih Maud(AS)

Al-Hakam January 23, 1899 pages 2-3

Ashraf Ali Thanwi took this passage and stuck into his book, gave it the title of ‘Qaboor se Taluq-e-Arwaeh’

Ahkam-e-Islam Aql ki Nazar mein pages 262-265

In the above highlights the red underline represents words that Masih Maud used such as Sadaqat and Thanwi just changed the meaning to a synonym such as Haqiaq, Haqeeqat, Amr Waqai. Another example is when Masih Maud(AS) says ‘Tarah Tarah’ in one line and Thanwi changes it to Muktalif. So what happens is after pages and pages of plagirism is might change one word to a synonym. This is an abhorent and emptyheaded way to cover up his plagirism.

Plagiarism Instance #9 – Islami Usool ki Philopshy

Islami Usool ki Philopshy page 47

Thanwi’s plagiarism:

There can be no doubt that unrestrained looks become a source of danger. If we place soft bread before a hungry dog, it would be vain to hope that the dog should pay no attention to it. Thus God Almighty desired that human faculties should not be provided with any occasion for secret functioning and should not be confronted with anything that might incite dangerous tendencies.

The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam page 48

Ashraf Ali Thanwi’s Plagiarism of Hakim-ul-Ummah Maulvi Nuruddin Bhairawi RA

We have written a full article on this. You can read it here.

Ashraf Ali Thanwi’s Plagiarism of Maulvi Muhammad Ali(RA)’s statement from Asrar-e-Shariaat

As mentioned above Ahkam-e-Islam Aql ki Nazar Mein is mostly a plagiarism of Asrar-e-Shariat. One such case is where Ashraf Ali Thanwi plagiarized from Asrar-e-Shariat Volume 2 specifically in the Kitab al Raq titled ‘Islami Ghulami ki Falsafee’

Asrar-e-Shariat Volume 2 Baab Kitab ar-raq page 265

Ahkam-e-Islam Aql Mein Nazar Main pg 187-188

Here you can see side by side texs, of how the passages are exactly the same! This book is a compilation of plagiarism in Urdu Literature and they pointed out how Ashraf Ali Thanwi word for word copied from Asrar-e-Shariat

l the basis of the ahkam nor are they exhaustive [of all benefits]…

(Ahkam-i-Islam Aqal ki Nazar Main, pp14-15)

Refutation of Weak Deobandi Responses

Claim 1: Thanwi admitted to his plagiarism in his book

Yes, you heard this right. Deobandis seriously use this as proof. Him acknowledging that he took from a scholar but not mentioning the name of the scholar or the book or what pages he took, means he did not do plagiarism. This is of course, half-witted. Hinting Towards Plagiarism confirms the Plagiarism, it doesn’t disprove it.

Just now I saw a book [on the topic of the rational benefits of religious ahkam (injunctions)] written by someone proficient with the pen but because of shortcomings in knowledge and deeds, he filled it with all kinds of reliable and unreliable matters…It occurred to me that seeing such books is harmful to the public…

Hence, I felt the need to prepare a separate collection of these topics, free of these wrongs, for such people [who have an interest in this subject], so that if someone has such a passion they can read it. Even if it doesn’t bring them benefit, it will stop them from the harms [of books like the one mentioned above].

However, a person who will lose the awe of divine rules from learning their rational benefits; or will start to think these rational benefits to be the pivot of these rules such that they believe the rules to be negated when the benefits are missing; or they imagine the benefits to be objectives in themselves and assign other methods to achieve them instead of establishing the [religious] ahkam…I don’t grant permission for people of such outlooks to read it.

Anyhow, this is the collection that is in your hands. The lowly one [i.e. Mawlana Ashraf ‘Ali Thanawi], proceeding from utmost impartiality, has selected in this [book] many discussions from the abovementioned book that have the quality of being sound. Some rational benefits of the famous ahkam (religious injunctions) will be mentioned in this [book] that align with the principles of Shari‘ah and are easy to understand. However, neither are all these rational benefits explicitly stated [in scriptural sources] nor are they al

Claim 2: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad took from another scholar?

1) Summary of this article:https://barelwism.wordpress.com/2023/09/07/barelwi-alleges-mawlana-ashraf-ali-thanawi-plagiarised-from-mirza-ghulam-ahmad-qadiyani/
Thanwi states he is extracting from another book, therefore it isn’t plagiarism
Thanwi is copied another book (Asrar-i-Shari’at) not by Ghulam Ahmad
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiyani copied from Asrar-i-Shari’at

2) Refutation:

It’s plagiarism. All he did was hint towards his plagiarism which isn’t the same as citing your sources.
Asrar-i-Shari’at cites the Promised Messiah AS and other Ahmadi scholars.
Asrar-e-Shariat was written after Hazrat Ahmad death so how could he copy it

Ahkam-e-Shariat by Maulvi Fazal Khan Changhawi was written after the Death of the Promised Messiah AS

Maulvi Fazal Khan Changawi published his book in 1910(1328 AH), and he himself states it took him 6 months to write it, which means the earliest date possible is 1909. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad AS had passed away in May, 1908

Maulvi Fazal Khan Changhawi was Ahmadi himself

Secondly, some Deobandis claim that Changwi was not an Ahmadi when he wrote Asrar-e-Shariat. However, he compiled Fatawah Ahmadiyya, which contains rulings of the Promised Messiah AS and Maulana Nuruddin RA.

Deobandis in their scramble for an answer contradict each other

Difaee’ Ahlus Sunnat – A Deobandi Account on Twitter with 1.5k wrote:

If anyone of you thinks the Maulvi Fazl Khan was a qadiani just read the first ten page of the book. You’ll know the qadiani deception again.

https://web.archive.org/save/https://twitter.com/Ahnaaf_Services/status/1684606891606069250

Note: Their scan of Asrar-e-Shariat does not prove that he was not an Ahmadi.

While Barelwism.org writes:

The author, Muhammad Fazal Khan, initially belonged to the Ahl-i-Hadith, then became a follower of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiyani and in later life, left Qadiyanism.

https://barelwism.wordpress.com/2023/09/07/barelwi-alleges-mawlana-ashraf-ali-thanawi-plagiarised-from-mirza-ghulam-ahmad-qadiyani/

This shows how Deobandis will say anything and even lie and speak out both sides of its mouth in order to lie

Barelwism.org Article is Fundamentally Wrong as it refutes itself

3) Just an additional point to solidify how low IQ the article is. The article mentioned how Thanwi was extracting from Asrar-i-Shari’at even in the case where he copied from Nur al-Din. But the scan the article posted again shows Fazal Changwi citing Nur al-Din as it clearly says نور. Fazal Khan Changhawi is quoting Noorudeen and puts (NOOR).

Quick Recap of Dates:

1904 – Eid Khutba of Nur al-Din

1910 – Fazl Khan Changhawi quotes Nur-ad-Deen RA with (NOOR) citation

1915 – Thanwi Plagiarizes and cuts out Noor citation

Their article refutes itself as they show the scan of 1910 Ahkam e Shariat with Noor Citation and the Thanwi passage without Noor Citation (HIGHLIGHTED IN YELLOW)

The following Images are from Barelvism.Org:

Effect of our Article and Twitter Thread

One of the major effects of our article and twitter thread is that it went viral on twitter and we got to see the stages of Deobandi Grief. We are building off of research that Maulana Dost Shahid RH conducted on this topic.

1st Stage of Grief of Deobandis

Deobandi Cope 1: The scans you have shown of Masih Maud AS books are computerized not the original: https://twitter.com/ahnaaf_services/status/163814119452508160

Ahmadi Reply: Ahmadi Muslims responded With Original Scans: https://twitter.com/discordislam/status/1638540918042300424

Cope 2: Pretend that Plagiarism did not happen to deceive Arabs and Non Urdu Speakers

True Islam Discord Team showed Non Ahmadi Sunni Scholars admitting that Thanwi plagiarized:

a)

For example, the famous “Sunni” scholar, Maulana Irshad ul Haq Asari, pointed out that Thanwi’s plagiarism from The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam is exactly the same. He asks his readers: “Is copying word for word and veiling the book and author robbery?

b)

Additionally, Mahinama Na’imat Lahore, which is intimately connected to the Deoband movement has written a whole article on Thanwi’s copying of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad AS. It also clarifies that the original editions of His AS’s work are found in libraries

c)

Similarly, in another publication called ‘Mushaheer Ilm o Adab ke Sarqon ka Muhasaba’ shows that Thanwi plagiarized from a companion of the Promised Messiah, Maulvi Muhammad Ali, by putting quotes side by side

d)

“Sunni” Mua’alim, Abu Nu’man Raza, compiles instances of Thanwi’s plagiarism of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad AS and conveniently puts the computerized Urdu Text, side by side, making it easy to read. You can read the article at this link: https://t.co/XDKxUq5rgs /15

Non-Ahmadi Muslims (Sunnis and Shias) believe that sexual pleasures with a minor (pre-pubescent) wife are permissible. This belief is shared across all four Sunni madhabs and Shia schools.

Islam teaches the opposite. Islamic law requires consummation only between two consenting adults. Yet non-Ahmadi interpretation allows any intimate interaction before puberty. Sexual intercourse with a pre-pubescent wife is considered lawful if it does not endanger her physically.

For example, a five-year-old girl may be taken to bed by her husband for intimate relations. Her consent is not required since pre-pubescent children cannot provide valid consent.

“Sunni” (Shafi’)

Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī (Arabic: أبو زكريا يحيى بن شرف النووي;‎ (631A.H-676A.H) (October 1230–21 December 1277), popularly known as al-Nawawī or Imam Nawawī, was a Sunni Shafi’ite jurist and hadith scholar.^[11] Despite this, he authored numerous and lengthy works ranging from hadith, to theology, biography, and jurisprudence that are still read to this day.

And the sleeping with a minor age wife and having intercourse with her, if the husband and the guardian of the wife agreed upon something that is not harmful for the minor age wife, it is legitimate and if they did not agree upon then Ahmad and Aboo Ubayd say that if she is at nine years of age she can be forced to, not the younger ones, and Malik and Shafi’i and Aboo Hanifah say that the criteria is that she can bear intercourse, and the differences of opinion about this issue comes from these scholars. But the correct opinion is that it does not depend upon age.

[Saheeh Muslim Sharh Al-Nawawi, vol. 9, pg. 295]
[IslamQA]
[Archived link]

“Sunni” (Shafi’)

Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (Arabic: ابن حجر العسقلاني;^[a] 18 February 1372 – 2 February 1449 CE / 773 – 852 A.H.), or simply Ibn Ḥajar,^[4] was a classic Islamic scholar “whose life work constitutes the final summation of the science of Hadith.”^[6] He authored some 150 works on hadith, history, biography, tafsir, poetry, and Shafi’ijurisprudence, the most valued of which being his commentary of Sahih al-Bukhari, titled Fath al-Bari.^[7]

Nikah of a minor age to an adult is allowed, there is consensus of scholars on this, even if she was in cradle, but he should not sleep with her until she can bear it.

[Fath ul-Bari fi Sharh Saheeh al-Bukhari, vol. 11, pg. 347]
[Archived link]

“Sunni” (Hanafi)

From the famous and most authoritative Fatwa website of “Sunnis”.

According to the Shariah, if a girl is a minor (did not attain puberty), she may be given in marriage by her father. There is no age limit to be intimate with one’s wife even if she is a minor.

[IslamQA]
[Archived link]

“Sunni” (Salafi)

فإن كان المقصود بالسؤال مفاخذة الرجل زوجته الصغيرة فهذا جائز كما بيناه في الفتوى رقم: 56312.

وأما إن كان المقصود بالسؤال مفاخذة غير الزوجة فهذا محرم سواءً كان المفاخذ صغيراً أو كبيراً ذكراً أو أنثى، وهو من مقدمات الوطء الحرام، ولا نظن أن حكم هذا الفعل يخفى على عاقل. وانظر في ذلك الفتوى رقم: 35464.

والله أعلم

Question: What’s the ruling on thighing minors?

Answer: If the question refers to the thighing of a minor wife by her man then this is permissible. But if the question refers to the thighing of a non-wife then it’s forbidden whether it’s the thighing of a minor or an adult, a male or a female.

[Islamweb]
[Archived link]

“Sunni” (Hanafi)

This quote proves that sexual intercourse is allowed even with a pre-pubescent (minor) girl.

If a person has sexual intercourse with a minor girl, ghusl will not be obligatory on her. But in order to get her into the habit, she should be made to bath.

[Bahishti Zewar, pg 71]

The author even supports the idea of making the child do ghusl so she gets into a habit. The author is Ashraf Ali Thanvi, the founder of the Deobandi Sunni sect in Islam. They are Hanafi by Madhab. He has millions of adherents around the world.

“Sunni” (Hanafi)

This is from one of the most important Fiqh books for Hanafis. A 12th-century legal manual by Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, is considered to be one of the most influential compendiums of Hanafi jurisprudence (fiqh).

Thereafter, the option available to a virgin is annulled by her silence, but the option available to a boy is not annulled, unless he says, “I consent,” or he does something that conveys the meaning of consent, the latter rule applies to a girl as well if her husband has had intercourse with her prior to her puberty. These situations are analogous to the situation at the time of the conclusion of the nikah contract.

[Al Hidayah, pg. 497]

“Sunni”

Syed Abul A’la Maududi is one of the most influential scholars of the past century with millions of followers. In his tafsir of Quran 65:5, he says that the husband can live with a pre-pubescent wife (those who have not started menstruating yet). The Urdu word used is خلوت which includes any relations between a couple, including sex.

اس لیے ایسی لڑکیوں کی عزت بیان کرنا جنھیں حیض آنا شروع نہ ہوا ہو، صریحاً اس بات پر دلالت کرتا ہے کہ اس عمر میں نہ صرف لڑکی کا نکاح کر دینا جائز ہے بلکہ شوہر کا اس کے ساتھ خلوت کرنا بھی جائز ہے۔ اب یہ بات ظاہر ہے کہ جس چیز کو قرآن نے جائز قرار دیا ہو، اسے ممنوع قرار دینے کا کسی مسلمان کوحق نہیں پہنچتا۔

Therefore, regarding mentioning the Iddah for those girls who have not yet started menstruating openly indicates that at this age, not only is it permissible for a girl to get married but it is also permissible for her husband live with her. Now it is evident that whatever has been declared permissible by the Quran, no Muslim has the right to declare it forbidden.

[Tafheem Ul Qur’an, vol. 5, pg. 570-571]

“Sunni” (Hanbali)

Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Nāṣir al-Saʿdī (Arabic: الشيخ عبد الرحمن بن ناصر السعدي), also known as al-Siʿdī (1889–1957), was an Islamic Scholar from Saudi Arabia. In the tafsir of Quran 65:4, he proves that the Iddah (waiting period) is needed even for wives that are pre-pubescent i.e they have not started menstruating.

So for those who are thinking how does it prove that one can have sexual relations with a pre-pubesecent? Well, you would have to understand why Iddah (waiting period) is needed. It is needed to make sure that the wife is not pregnant with a baby after the passing away of the husband. So since a pre-pubescent has an Iddah, it proves it is also allowed to have sexual intercourse and other sexual pleasures with her.

Thereafter, the option available to a virgin is annulled by her silence, but the option available to a boy is not annulled, unless he says, “I consent,” or he does something that conveys the meaning of consent, the latter rule applies to a girl as well if her husband has had intercourse with her prior to her puberty. These situations are analogous to the situation at the time of the conclusion of the nikah contract.

[Tafseer As-Sadi, vol. 10, pg. 141]

“Sunni” (Shafi’)

This fatwah is from the Islamqa website under the Shafi’ madhab section. They also agree that Quran allows intercourse with a girl who has not reached puberty. The only consent allowed is that of her father and husband. Her consent does not matter.

Once the young girl is married, she may move in with her husband and partake in sexual intercourse, whether she reached the age of puberty or not, when the following conditions are met:

1. The father permits and deems it an acceptable practice.
2. She could physically bear sexual intercourse
3. Society in terms of its practice and culture approves of it
4. That the law of the country one lives in, is not contravened.

[Islamqa]

“Sunni” (Shafi’)

Umdat as-Salik wa ‘Uddat an-Nasik (Reliance of the Traveller and Tools of the Worshipper, also commonly known by its shorter title Reliance of the Traveller)^[1][2] is a classical manual of fiqh for the Shafi’i school of Islamic jurisprudence.

A waiting period is obligatory for a woman divorced after intercourse, whether the husband and wife are prepubescent, have reached puberty, or one has and the other has not.

[Reliance of Traveller, pg. 567]

“Sunni” (Salafi)

This is one of the most famous contemporary scholars of “Sunnism”. He also explains that Quran 65:4 allows nikah and consummation with pre-pubescent girls.

Marriage of Minors before Puberty with Suitable Consent Unanimously Approved

Praise be to Allah. Following recent times, there has been an increase in journalistic interventions and the interference of journalists in legal rulings without knowledge, which is an action that could have adverse consequences on society. One such intervention is their involvement in the issue of marrying minors who have not reached puberty to suitable partners and their demand to set an age for the marriage of girls. This interference touches upon a legal ruling that refers to the people of knowledge and is based on the Quran and the Sunnah. There is nothing in Sharia law that specifies the age at which a girl can be married. Instead, Sharia law indicates otherwise. Allah Almighty said in Surah At-Talaq: “And those who no longer expect menstruation among your women – if you doubt, then their period is three months, and [also for] those who have not menstruated.” This refers to young girls who have not yet reached the age of menstruation, so their waiting period is three months, similar to those who have not menstruated out of menopausal age. This is evidence from the Quran that young girls can be married, divorced, and subject to waiting periods. The Sunnah also supports this, as the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) married Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) when she was six years old and consummated the marriage when she was nine. This is evidence from the Sunnah on this matter, and the scholars unanimously agree on its permissibility.

Imam Bukhari said in his Sahih: “Chapter on the marriage of a man’s young daughter.” He mentioned the verse: “And those who no longer expect menstruation.” So, he set their waiting period to three months before puberty. It was narrated by Muhammad ibn Yusuf, who narrated from Sufyan, from Hisham, from his father, from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), that the Prophet (peace be upon him) married her when she was six years old and consummated the marriage when she was nine, and she stayed with him for nine years. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in Al-Fath: He set their waiting period to three months before puberty, which indicates that marrying them before puberty is permissible. This is a good inference, although the verse does not specifically mention this concerning the father or the virgin. The origin of transactions is prohibited unless there is evidence, and there is a hadith narrated by Aisha about her marriage to Abu Bakr while she was still a minor, so whatever is not mentioned therein remains on the original ruling. Ibn Hibban commented on this narration saying that it is agreed upon that it is permissible for a father to marry off his young daughter, even if she has not reached puberty.

Ibn Batal said in his commentary on Sahih Bukhari: “The scholars unanimously agree that fathers can marry off their young daughters, even if they are in their cradle, but their husbands should not consummate the marriage until they are fit for intercourse and capable of bearing children, and their situations vary according to their physical development and capabilities.” When the Prophet (peace be upon him) married Aisha, she was six or seven years old and he consummated the marriage when she was nine. This practice was legislated for this Ummah, just as the companions used to marry in their youth and adulthood without specifying a certain age. No one should legislate except what Allah and His Messenger have legislated because therein lies sufficiency. Whoever opposes this has wronged themselves and legislated for people without Allah’s permission. Allah, the Exalted, said about such people: “Or have they partners [i.e., other deities] who have ordained for them a religion to which Allah has not consented?”

It is obligatory for those who call for setting an age for marriage to fear Allah and not contravene His Sharia or legislate something that Allah has not permitted. Judgment belongs to Allah, and legislation is His right alone, shared by no other. This includes marriage rulings, and Allah has encouraged marriage in the Quran: “And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves.” The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “O young people! Whoever among you is able to marry, should marry, for it helps him lower his gaze and guard his modesty.” May Allah guide everyone to what He loves and is pleased with and protect everyone from contravening His Sharia and religion.

Written by:

Saleh bin Fawzan Al-Fawzan

Member of the Council of Senior Scholars

12/10/1432 Hijri Calendar

[Alfawzan.af.org.sa]
[Archive link]

Shia (Twelvers)

Fatwa of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who is one of the most influential Shia scholar to this day.

There is, however, no objection in other enjoyments like touching lasciviously, hugging and rubbing the thighs, even with a suckling infant

[Tahrir Al Vasilah, vol.3, pg 229]

Shia (Twelvers)

Fatwa of Ayatollah Sistani, a Twelver Shia Iranian–Iraqi Grand Ayatollah and marja’.^[1][2][3][4] One of the most senior scholars in Shia Islam,^[5] he has been described as the spiritual leader of Shia Muslims worldwide (as of 2003),^[6] “the undisputed leader of Iraq’s Shias”,^[2] included in top positions of “The Muslim 500: The World’s Most Influential Muslims”, from 2009 to 2023,^[7][8][9] and named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2004 and 2005

لا يجوز وطء الزوجة قبل إكمال تسع سنين ، دواماً كان النكاح أو منقطعاً، وأما سائر الاستمتاعات كاللمس بشهوة والتقبيل والضم والتفخيذ فلا بأس بها

Issue #8: It is not permissible to have sexual intercourse (with one’s wife) before she reaches 9 years in age, be it in Nikaah (permanent marriage) or Mut’ah (temporary marriage). As for all other pleasures such as lustful touch, kissing, embracing, and thighing (i.e. rubbing penis between the thighs), there is no problem in it.

[Minhaj al-salihin, vol.3, pg 10]

Shia (Twelvers)

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Sadiq Husayni Rohani (Persian: محمد صادق حسینی روحانی; 16 July 1926 – 16 December 2022) was an Iranian Shia marja’.

فصل مسألة 1 – لا يجوز وطء الزوجة قبل اكمال تسع سنين حرة كانت أو أمة دواما كان النكاح أو متعة بل لا يجوز وطء المملوكة والمحللة كذلك، وأما الاستمتاع بما عدى الوطء من النظر واللمس بشهوة والضم والتفخيذ فجائز في الجميع ولو في الرضعية.

Issue 1: It is not permissible to have intercourse with a wife before completing nine years of age, whether she is free or enslaved, and whether the marriage is Nikaah (permanent marriage) or Mut’ah (temporary marriage). Likewise for an owned or made lawful slave girl. As for intimacy besides intercourse such as looking, touching with desire, embracing and thighing, it is permissible with all of them, even with a suckling infant.

[Urwa-Tul-Wusqa, vol. 2, pg 469]
[Scan]
[Archived link]

Shia (Twelvers)

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Musawi al-Khoei was an Iranian-Iraqi Shia marja’. Al-Khoei is considered one of the most influential twelver scholars. After the death of Muhsin al-Hakim in 1970, he became the spiritual leader of much of the Shia world until his death in 1992. He is also the teacher of Sistani!¹

 ومما يزيد في ذلك وضوحاً ملاحظة صحيحة ابن أبي يعفور عن أبي عبدالله (عليه السلام) ، قال في الجارية التي لم تطمث ولم تبلغ الحبل إذا اشتراها الرجل ، قال: «ليسوأما الاستمتاع بما عدا الوطء من النظر واللّمس بشهوة والضم والتفخيذ فجائز في الجميع(1) ولو في الرضيعة

Furthermore, to make this clearer, there is a notable observation from the reliable source, Ibn Abi Ya’fur, who reported from Imam Ja’far al-Sadiq (peace be upon him). He mentioned concerning a young girl who has not yet menstruated and has not reached the age of pregnancy, if a man marries her, he said, “There is no harm in enjoying her in any way other than sexual intercourse, such as looking, touching with desire, embracing, and fondling, and this applies even if she is an infant.”

[Sharh Urwa-Tul-Wusqa, vol. 2, pg 125-126]
[Archived link]

Shia (Twelvers)

Mohammed Kazem Tabataba’i Yazdi (Persian: محمد کاظم یزدی; 1831–1919) was a Twelver Shia Marja’ based in Najaf, most famous for compiling a collection of religious rulings, al-Urwa al-wuthqa. The book is considered as the most prominent compilation and Fiqhi book of him so that it is mentioned there are many—Islamic—scholars who hold this book with themselves.

فصل (مسألة): لا يجوز وطء الزوجة (1) قبل إكمال تسع سنين حرة كانت أو أمة دواما كان النكاح أو متعة، بل لا يجوز (2) وطء المملوكة والمحللة كذلك. وأما الاستمتاع بما عدا الوطء من النظر واللمس بشهوة والضم والتفخيذ فجائز في الجميع ولو في الرضيعة.

Chapter (Issue): It is not permissible to have sexual intercourse with a wife (1) before she completes nine years, whether she is a free woman or a slave, whether it’s in the context of Nikaah (permanent marriage) or Mut’ah (temporary marriage). Moreover, it is not permissible (2) to have sexual intercourse with a female slave or a woman who has been temporarily married. As for enjoying other intimate activities apart from sexual intercourse, such as looking, touching with desire, embracing, and fondling, it is permissible for everyone, even if it involves an infant girl.

[Urwa-Tul-Wusqa, vol. 5, pg. 502]
[Archived link]

Shia (Twelvers)

Muhsin al-Hakim was an Iraqi Shia religious authority.

إذا تزوج الرجل الجارية وهي صغيرة، فلا يدخل بها حتى يأتي لها تسع سنين ” (* ۱)، وفي خبر زرارة عن أبي جعفر (ع): ” قال: لا يدخل جرة كانت أو أمة، دواما كان النكاح أو متعة (۱) بل لا يجوز وطء المملوكة (۲) والمحللة كذلك. وأما الاستمتاع بما عدا الوطء من النظر واللمس بشهوة والضم والتفخيذ، فجائز في الجميع (۱)، ولو في الرضيعة.

“When a man marries a young female slave, he should not consummate the marriage until she reaches nine years of age” (1), and in the narration of Zurara from Abu Ja’far (peace be upon him): “He said: Do not engage in relations with a free or enslaved girl, whether it’s a Nikaah (permanent marriage) or Mut’ah (temporary marriage)”. Rather, relations are not allowed with an owned slave girl or one made lawful in this manner as well. As for deriving pleasure from that which is between a female slave’s legs until she reaches nine years of age, other than relations, such as looking, touching affectionately, embracing, and thighing, it is permissible with all, even an infant girl.

[Mustamsak al-ʿUrwā al-wuṯhqā, vol. 14, pg. 78-80]
[Scan]
[Archived link, vol 17, pg 78]
[Archived link, vol 17, pg 79]
[Archived link, vol 17, pg 80]

References